Observation of hole bottoms using a coaxial microscope

Coaxial light is primarily utilized for observing “glossy” and “flat” surfaces; however, due to the alignment of the light source with the observation axis, it can also be used for observing the bottoms of holes.

 

 

However, due to the characteristics of coaxial light, it is necessary for the bottom of the hole to be flat and glossy.

 

Additionally, if the hole diameter is wide and the depth to the bottom of the hole is short, it may be possible to observe it using ring light.

 

 

(Example 1) φ3.5mm, depth 8mm

While there is gloss, the bottom of the hole is tapered.

 

<Observation using coaxial light>  

         

<Observation using ring light>

* Since the bottom of the hole is tapered, it is believed that ring light would facilitate easier observation.

 

 

(Example 2) φ6.5mm, depth 20mm

The die-cast surface does not possess significant gloss.

The bottom of the hole is flat.

 

<Observation using coaxial light>             

<Observation using ring light>

* The bottom of the hole is flat, but lacking gloss, making ring light more suitable than coaxial light.

 

 

(Example 3) φ3.5mm, depth 40mm

The bottom of the hole is flat and glossy.

 

<Observation using coaxial light>  

         

<Observation using ring light>

* Due to the depth of the hole, ring light cannot reach the bottom. However, since the bottom is flat and glossy, it is possible to observe it using coaxial light.

Applications and limitations of coaxial light

Coaxial light is fundamentally used on “flat” surfaces with “gloss.” The limits of gloss and images for various applications have been verified.

 

In this instance, we conducted imaging using a microscope that allows switching between “coaxial light” and “ring light.”

 

 

 

(1) Subjects (regarding gloss)

Objects such as plated metals and silicon wafers, which are close to a “mirror finish”, can be observed accurately.

 

<Observation of silicon wafer using coaxial light>

<Observation of silicon wafer using coaxial light>

* Objects with surfaces close to a mirror finish will likely exhibit the effects of coaxial light more prominently.

 

So, at what level of gloss can we differentiate usage?

As a general guideline, a comparison can be made between a worn 10-yen coin and a new 10-yen coin.

 

 

・10-yen coin

A worn 10-yen coin is best suited for “ring light.”

 

<Observation using ring light>

<Observation using coaxial light>

 

However, if it is a new 10-yen coin, coaxial light is more suitable.

 

 

・1-yen coin

A worn 1-yen coin is suitable for both “coaxial light” and “ring light”.

 

<Observation using coaxial light>

<Observation using ring light>

* Both can be used, but coaxial light is more effective for surfaces with pronounced irregularities.

For detecting scratches, coaxial light is preferable.

 

 

(2) Subjects (regarding color)

 

Coaxial light is significantly influenced by differences in reflectance rather than color.

Even black surfaces can utilize coaxial light if they possess gloss.

 

・Black resin

 This is a glossy black resin that reflects light to the extent that the fluorescent light directed at the ceiling is visible.

       

 

<Observation using coaxial light>

           

<Observation using ring light>

* Both can be used, but coaxial light cannot reproduce colors. However, it does clearly highlight surface irregularities.

 

A characteristic of coaxial light is that reflectance has a greater impact on the image than color.

Even with significant color differences, it is not suitable for materials with uniform reflectance (diffuse reflectors).

 

 

・Printed materials

<Observation using ring light>

          

<Observation using coaxial light>

* If the variation in reflectance is consistent, using coaxial light will result in a flat image.

 

 

(3) Subjects (regarding transparent objects)

Transparent objects such as glass can be effectively illuminated using coaxial light, depending on the application.

It may be possible to observe the presence of surface coatings or fingerprints (oils) on the glass, provided there are variations in reflectance.

 

Observe fingerprints (oils) on the surface of the specimen slide.

 

<Observation using coaxial light>

          

<Observation using ring light>

* Fingerprints can be observed using coaxial light, but they are not visible at all with ring light.

 

 

Additionally, dust and foreign particles are easier to observe with coaxial light.

 

<Observation using coaxial light>

         

<Observation using ring light>

 

We also examined the cross-section of the specimen slide.

 

 

<Observation using coaxial light>

        

<Observation using ring light>

* In the case of glass, the observation can vary significantly depending on the polishing condition; however, for specimen slides, it appears that ring light is easier for observation.

When utilizing a high-speed camera at high magnification

To capture magnified images with a high-speed camera, the intensity of the lighting is crucial.

Due to the rapid shutter speed of high-speed cameras, the resulting images may appear dark.

Additionally, sufficient brightness is essential for capturing enlarged images.

 

 

The microscopes that utilize high-speed cameras in our set sales are as follows.

The maximum magnification is approximately 60 times. 

 

 

If further magnification is desired, high-intensity lighting is necessary.

Recently, various high-intensity lighting options utilizing high-power LEDs have become available on the market.

 

Using the lighting from Hayashi Repic, the microscope with a magnification of 140 times has been verified.

 

 

The twin-arm fiber has been attached to the maximum brightness light source from Hayashi Repic.

 

 

By setting the minimum shutter speed to 0.05 milliseconds (0.00005 seconds), sufficient brightness can be ensured for the objects listed below.

 

 (Caution)
However, when using the maximum illumination and positioning the fiber as close to the object as possible, the intensity of the light may be excessive, leading to an increase in the object’s temperature and potential deformation of resin products (indicated by the black circle).

It is advisable to adjust the light intensity and monitor the distance from the fiber to the object during use.

Observation of the inner walls within large-diameter circular structures (customized product)

 

It is equipped with ring illumination featuring an outer diameter of 55 mm and an inner diameter of 30 mm.

 

This fisheye lens ensures a horizontal field of view of 180 degrees.

 

 

<Measured Results>

 

Observation of the inner walls of a cylinder with an inner diameter of 100 mm and a cylinder with an inner diameter of 200 mm.


φ100mm

 

φ200mm

360° rotating borescope φ3.0mm

Easily observe the sides of the hole!

 

●Show off its true potential when combined with a camera!

●Just attach a 70° or 90° mirror tube and you can rotate it around!

●Can be used as a direct-view high-magnification borescope without the mirror tube

●Compatible with various lighting such as M10 P=0.5 and M8 P=0.5

 

 

 

 

ANNOUNCEMENT OF HOLIDAY SCHEDULE

Thank you so much for supporting Shodensha Vietnam. 

 

Shodensha Vietnam is pleased to announce our schedule of Vietnam ‘s National Day Holiday as follow: 

  • Holiday time: 31/8/2023 (SAT) ~ /9/2023 (TUE) 
  • Business Operation: 4/9/2023 (WED) ~  

 

Please notice that our service will not be available during Holiday time. 

 

Best regards.

Combination of flat dome lighting and polarizing filter

Flat dome lighting is suitable for defect detection on curved products, surface inspection of metal products, and print inspection on irregular surfaces such as bumps. When combined with a polarizing filter on the lens, the impact of halation can be reduced, allowing for clearer observation in some cases.

 

 

● The degree of wear on drill bits

 

 

 

● Scratches and foreign objects in fibers

 

 

 

● Cracks in the bent section (marked area) of the processing

 

 

 

In all cases, normal ring lighting results in intense halation and reflections that obscure certain areas from view.

Switching to flat dome lighting with polarization improved visibility, but further enhancements were achieved by attaching a polarizing filter to the lens.

 

As measures to suppress halationare common approaches:

・ Using a monochrome camera

・ Attaching polarizing filters to both the lens and lighting

The advantage of this method is the use of a color camera and the installation of only a single polarizing filter on the lens, which allows the colors seen on the monitor to closely resemble those of the actual object, enabling observation without any color mismatch.

 

 

Flat dome lighting

DC-30D series

How to observe burrs inside holes using transmitted lighting

Using transmitted lighting to observe burrs and foreign objects inside holes

 

We frequently receive requests to inspect burrs and foreign objects inside holes using transmitted lighting.

This task requires a bit of finesse, especially when the object in question has some thickness.

For instance, we conducted a test by drilling a 5mm diameter hole in a 12mm thick aluminum plate and photographing the result.

 

穴の中のバリや異物を観察

 

In the photograph above, foreign objects are adhered to the top (surface), middle, and bottom (near the base).

 

トップ(表面)、ミドル(中間)、ボトム(底面近く)

 

 

To detect all of these, it is necessary to use a lens with an adjustable aperture.

 

 

トップの焦点を合わせる

 

ミドルに焦点を合わせる

 

 

■ When using a lens with an open aperture

When focusing on the top (surface) with an open aperture lens, the observation appears as follows.

 

開放レンズを使った場合

*The middle (intermediate) and bottom (near the base) sections become almost invisible.

 

 

When focusing on the middle section with an open aperture lens, the observation appears as follows.

 

開放レンズで中間に焦点を合わせ観察すると下記のようになります

*The top is visible but appears thinner, while the bottom is very difficult to see.

 

 

 

■ When using a macro lens with an aperture control

絞り付きのマクロレンズを使った場合

 

Shoot with the aperture as closed as possible. (Compensate for the resulting darkness with lighting, and keep the camera’s gain at about 90% instead of maximum.)

 

*The top (surface), middle, and bottom (near the base) can all be sufficiently observed.

 

トップ(表面)・ミドル(中間)もボトム(底面近く)ともに十分に観察できます。

 

Summary

To observe burrs and foreign objects inside holes, it is necessary to use not only transmitted lighting but also a lens with an adjustable aperture that can increase the depth of field.

How to use transmitted lighting (RD-95T)

We will introduce how to use our transmitted lighting (RD-95T).

The RD-95T is circular with a diameter of 95mm.

 

透過照明(RD-95T)

 

The cable is drawn from the center. The rubber feet are detachable.
(Attaching the rubber feet allows it to stand independently.)

 

透過照明(RD-95T)

 

(1) If the base is equipped with a 95mm observation plate, remove the plate and fit the transmitted lighting into place.

 

観察板を外し透過照明をはめ込みます 観察板を外し透過照明をはめ込みます 観察板を外し透過照明をはめ込みます

 

Since the back of the transmitted lighting lacks mounting holes or screws, use the side screws of the base for securing it.

 

固定するにはベースのサイドビス等を使います

 

(2) Alternatively, place it under the base in a standing position (with rubber feet attached).

 

自立する状態(ゴム足付)でベースの下に置きます

 

Attach an observation glass plate to the base.ベースには観察用ガラス板を取付けます

Simple, low-cost transmitted lighting

Using the RD-95T transmitted lighting, you can add transmitted lighting to stands that do not have it.

 

This lighting can be attached to microscope stands, microscope stands, and XY tables that are equipped with a circular observation plate with a diameter of 95mm.

 

透過照明 RD-95T 透過照明 RD-95T 透過照明 RD-95T
     
This lighting has cables extending from the back, so it cannot stand on its own as is.

 

 

Therefore, by attaching rubber feet as described below, it can be made to stand independently for use.

ゴム足を付ければ自立 These rubber feet are not specialized items; they are generally available for sale as described below.

 

 

ゴム足

     
Attaching 10mm rubber feet (as mentioned above) to this transmitted lighting will result in a total thickness of 23mm.
厚みは23mm
     
<Usage example>
使用例

The appearance of low-angle LED lighting

Low-angle LED lighting is effective when you want to emphasize edges or observe slight unevenness.

 

<In cases where you want to emphasize the edges – A one-yen coin>

 

 

LEDリング照明で観察した場合
ローアングルLEDで観察した場合
<When observed using LED ring lighting>
<When observed with low-angle LED lighting>

 

Low-angle lighting allows for obtaining images where the edges of a one-yen coin are emphasized.

 

<When observing slight unevenness – A hole in vinyl>

 

 

LEDリング照明で観察した場合
ローアングルLEDで観察した場合
<When observed using LED ring lighting>
<When observed with low-angle LED lighting>

When observing minor protrusions and indentations, objects that are not clearly visible with LED ring lighting may be clearly observed with low-angle LED lighting.

 

Low-angle LED ring lighting
VLR-75D series
ローアングル バーLED照明 Low-angle bar LED lighting
(Please inquire about custom orders as well)

 

We can accommodate custom orders tailored to your specific needs, so please feel free to contact our technical support.

When dimming through external control

Among the lighting devices we handle, only the following LED light sources can be dimmed through external control:
(These are not our original products, but are manufactured by Hayashi Repic Co.)

 

ハヤシレピック社製LED光源

 

ハヤシレピック社製LED光源

 

The coaxial type has the same coaxial lighting and tip shape as ours, allowing for replacement.

 

先端形状は同じですの置き換えも可能

 

By altering the shape of the fiber at the tip, it can be used for coaxial lighting, transmitted lighting, and ring lighting.

 

Transmitted lighting type fiber透過照明タイプのファイバー

A method for switching between coaxial and ring illumination using a lens designed for coaxial lighting

The high-magnification zoom lens designed for coaxial illumination (SDS-Z) includes a standard 1.5x auxiliary lens.

Removing this lens allows for the installation of ring lighting.

 

*However, the magnification will change from 65~350x → 45~270x 

 the working distance will extend from 52mm → 95mm.

 

 

 

 

Coaxial illumination can still be used, allowing you to change the lighting based on the object being observed.

 

 

<Polarized observation is also possible>

 

 

■ On the LED side, remove the diffusion plate and attach a polarizing filter.

 

■ On the lens side, after attaching the ring lighting fixture, a filter can be mounted at its tip.

Example of mounting method for bar LEDs

The back of the bar LED features tripod screws for mounting.

 

バーLEDの表裏画像

 

Various options are available for sale, compatible with standard camera specifications.

 

(Example)

バーLED固定用オプション一例

The red section represents the tripod screw, while the blue section denotes the shoe (slide mount) area.

 

The photo below is not of a wall, but by using a plate with a shoe attachment, the LED can be mounted.

バーLED固定手順1 バーLED固定手順2

 

 

By securing a “shoe” attachment to a wall or plate as shown below, you can mount the bar LED in that location.

Various types of mounting hardware are available for sale.

 

バーLEDを固定する市販のオプション一例

 

 

 

Shodensha Corporation offers two types of bar lighting.

Please see the product details below.

 

バーLED照明 LED-BL  

Bar LED lighting LED-BL

 

 

バーLED照明(ダブル・10cm) LED-BL10-CH2  

Bar LED lighting(double, 10cm)

Bar LED lighting LED-BL10-CH2

LED-BL

 

How to install a lens based light

The characteristics of macro lenses are:
・They have a fixed focal length, and the focal length is short,
・The focal length is relatively short.

 

Therefore, the focus is adjusted by moving the camera body up and down.

 

焦点調整はカメラ本体を上下して合わせます
*The lens size also tends to be relatively large.

 

For the reasons mentioned above, it is common to attach lighting to the tip of the lens.

 

レンズ先端に照明をつける

 

CCTV lenses and similar types allow for focus adjustment on the lens side.
In other words, the focal length is variable.
Additionally, compared to macro lenses, the focal length is longer.

 

CCTVレンズ等は、レンズ側で焦点調性が可能

 

Therefore, the lens is detached to install the lighting.
(This ensures that even if the focal length of the lens changes, the position of the lighting does not change, resulting in a consistent appearance.)

 

It is fixed using various types of stands.ステイで固定

 

It would look something like this.

 

ステイで固定

How to attach a small ring light to a lens

We will introduce two types of ring lighting.

 

省スペースLED照明 細径40灯LEDリング照明
Space-saving LED lighting LED-16

 

 

Small diameter 40 light LED ring lighting LED-40

 

 

Outer diameter φ48mm
Inner diameter φ15mm

 

 

Outer diameter φ63mm
Inner diameter φ27mm

 

 

16-light Flat configuration

(The LEDs are angled at 0°, facing directly downward.)

 

 

40-light Direct configuration

(The LEDs are angled.)

 

 

Dimmable

 

Dimmable

 

   
<Method of attachment> <Method of attachment>
Exclusive for M28/M42
(M42 is a standard known as T-mount.)
M28 female thread
Uses three fixing screws
省スペースLED照明 細径40灯LEDリング照明
   
Small diameter lenses are fixed using M28.省スペースLED照明 Small diameter lenses are fixed using M28.細径40灯LEDリング照明
   
The standard lens (SDS-M) is fixed using M42.
固定方法
The standard lens (SDS-M) is fixed using three screws.
固定方法

Lighting for long-distance lenses

長距離レンズの場合、作動距離が非常に長くなります。  

In the case of long-distance lenses, the working distance becomes considerably extended.

When adding illumination to the lenses of microscopes or stereomicroscopes, there is often insufficient light intensity.

 

*The working distance for microscopes and stereomicroscopes is approximately 100mm.

     
If using ring illumination, it is necessary to position the ring light closer to the object. (Depending on the size of the object and the required working distance.)
     
リング照明を使うのであれば、リング照明を対象物に近づける必要があります

 

Additionally, there are other methods as described below.

Twin-arm lighting mounted on a post

Low-cost flexible LED spot lighting GR-FL21

  支柱取付けのツインアーム照明
     
Fixed-type twin-arm lighting
Slim twin-arm lighting for microscopes SPK-D1
  据え置きタイプのツインアーム照明
     
Bar LED lighting
*Bar LEDs are also available in modular types.

 

 

Bar LED lighting LED-BL

 

Basic stand set for bar LED lighting

 

バーLED照明 LED-BL
バーLED照明 LED-BL

  バーLED照明 LED-BL

 

When you need to increase the distance, you can use methods such as employing a condensing lens.

 

集光レンズ

 

It is also possible to combine a magnetic stand with a condensing lens.マグネットスタンドと集光レンズを組み合わせ

 

Magnetic twin-arm lighting MGSPF-D2

When you want to observe at low magnification with a coaxial lighting USB microscope

Z500CS

 

Our coaxial illumination USB microscope, model Z500CS, comes standard with a 1.5x auxiliary lens.

 

This time, I observed the metal part of a USB memory stick.

同軸照明USBマイクロスコープで低倍率観察02

 

 

 

同軸照明USBマイクロスコープで低倍率観察01  

Observation using a 1.5x auxiliary lens (basic specification)

 

The focal length, magnification, and field of view at this time are as follows:
・Focal length: 52mm
・Field of view at 65x magnification: 5.2mmx3.9mm
・Field of view at 390x magnification: 0.8mmx0.6mm

 

 

 

 

 

同軸照明USBマイクロスコープで低倍率観察03   同軸照明USBマイクロスコープで低倍率観察04  
  The appearance at 65x magnification   The appearance at 390x magnification  

 

 

 

When observing at low magnification, removing this 1.5x auxiliary lens will reduce the magnification.

 

同軸照明USBマイクロスコープで低倍率観察05  

Remove the 1.5x auxiliary lens.

 

The focal length, magnification, and field of view at this time are as follows:
・Focal length: 95mm
・Field of view at 45x magnification: 8.0mmx6.0mm
・Field of view at 270 magnification: 1.2mmx0.9mm

 

 

 

 

 

同軸照明USBマイクロスコープで低倍率観察06   同軸照明USBマイクロスコープで低倍率観察07  
  The appearance at 45x magnification   The appearance at 270x magnification  

 

 

 

If you wish to observe at an even lower magnification, attaching a 0.75x auxiliary lens will further reduce the magnification.

 

同軸照明USBマイクロスコープで低倍率観察08  

Attach the 0.75x auxiliary lens.

 

The focal length, magnification, and field of view at this time are as follows:
・Focal length: 113mm
・Field of view at 35x magnification: 11.3mmx8.5mm
・Field of view at 210x magnification: 1.7mmx1.2mm

 

 

 

 

 

同軸照明USBマイクロスコープで低倍率観察09   同軸照明USBマイクロスコープで低倍率観察10  
  The appearance at 35x magnification   The appearance at 210x magnification  

 

 

At the lowest magnification of 35x with the 0.75x auxiliary lens, the coaxial illumination becomes unbalanced and cannot be used.

Therefore, it is practical to observe at the lowest feasible magnification of 45x by removing the standard 1.5x auxiliary lens.

 

 

 

For details on the “Coaxial Illumination USB Microscope” and “0.75x Auxiliary Lens” used this time, please refer to the product pages below.

 

Z500CS  

Coaxial Illumination USB Microscope

Z500CSLT

 

0.75倍補助レンズ Z-0.75  

0.75x Auxiliary Lens

(For FZ series Microscopes, SDS-FZR model)

Z-0.75

Entry level High speed camera 1.6 megapixel camera (color and monochrome) SMR160

The high speed camera at astonishing low price!
High speed cameras are not that difficult to use.
Let’s start by using this entry level high speed camera and leave some evidence.

 

 

●Low cost slow motion camera
●240 fps (frames per second) at a resolution of 1440 x 1080 effective pixels
●Records slow motion videos in H.264 compressed or uncompressed format.
●You can control the start and stop of recording using a timer.
●Records directly to your PC’s M.2 SSD.
●A lens is required separately.

 

 

 

 

How to distinguish between coaxial lighting and ring lighting usage samples

Epi-illumination is suitable for observing diffusely reflecting objects.
Coaxial illumination is suitable for observing flat specularly reflecting objects.
(Even with specular reflective objects, tapered parts and large uneven parts cannot be observed.)

 

So what about things that aren’t completely diffuse reflectors?

 

We often explain to our customers that coaxial lighting is suitable for objects that are at a level where their faces can be seen.

 

 

 

 

<Iron block> <Aluminum plate>
(No plating, polishing, etc.) (Alumite processing, shot processing)
Ring lighting allows for clearer observation.
Using coaxial lighting
The image will be unclear.
This sample does not show faces.
Observation is possible with coaxial lighting or ring l ighting.
Both are usable boundary samples.
ring lighting ring lighting
coaxial lighting coaxial lighting

 

 

Objects unsuitable for coaxial illumination

1. Applications not suitable for coaxial illumination:

 

(1) Diffuse reflective objects (paper, resin, painted products, etc.)

 

Observing with coaxial illumination results in loss of color and creates images with no contrast.

●Business card

名刺の観察

 

 

(2) Objects with gloss but uneven surfaces

Only the flat portions of the object will shine, while other areas will appear as images without contrast.

 

●Wire

針金

 

 

●Screw

ネジ

 

 

2. Suitable applications for coaxial illumination:

 

Coaxial illumination is suitable for objects with gloss and flat surfaces.

It is suitable for the following examples:

 

●Metal plating

メッキした金属

 

●Silicon wafer

シリコンウェハーの観察

 

●Substrate gold electrodes

基板の金電極

 

Differences in appearance between coaxial illumination and ring illumination.

Depending on the object, some are suitable for coaxial illumination, while others are more appropriate for ring illumination.

However, ring illumination is more versatile.

Coaxial illumination can only be used for objects that are “glossy” and “flat.”

■Features of Coaxial Illumination

 

同軸照明、リング照明の違い

 

Coaxial illumination is a suitable method for objects with specular reflection (glossy surfaces).

When oblique light, such as from ring illumination, is directed at a specular object, it reflects at the same angle as the incident angle, preventing light from returning to the lens and resulting in a dark image.

However, coaxial illumination is not suitable for glossy objects with uneven surfaces or curvature.

When used on diffusive reflective objects, coaxial illumination causes only the central part to become bright (hotspot), resulting in a foggy image without color contrast.

 

 

サンプル1   基板の金メッキ部分

 

 

基板の金メッキ部分

 

The illumination method of a metallurgical microscope (coaxial illumination) is designed for nearly mirror-like, flat objects.

The appearance can significantly differ compared to conventional illumination (ring illumination).

サンプル2   1円玉

 

1円玉

 

1円玉

White and black completely invert.

(The closer the surface is to a mirror finish, the more pronounced this effect becomes.)

 

 

サンプル3  銀メッキのコイン

 

 

 

 

A silver-plated coin, like the one in the above photo, can be observed with both coaxial and ring illumination.

(Since it is not a perfect specular reflector, both methods are suitable.)

 

 

Sample 4: 10-yen coin (diffuse reflector)

 

 

 

A 10-yen coin cannot be observed with coaxial illumination.

 

 

Sample 5: Circuit board (observation of diffuse reflector)

 

 

 

Diffuse reflectors cannot be observed with coaxial illumination.

 

 

Sample 6: Observation of specular reflectors

 

 

 

 

Perfect specular reflectors (those close to mirror surfaces) cannot be observed with ring illumination.

 

 

Sample 7: Nickel processed product

 

ニッケルの加工品

 

ニッケルの加工品

 

When using coaxial illumination, please note that diffuse objects cannot be observed.

(Even with metals, black anodizing or paint may be better observed with ring illumination.)

 

 

Sample 8: Paper (printed material)

 

紙(印刷物)

 

 

Sample 9: Other objects unsuitable for coaxial illumination

 

 

 

 

Visual Perception Differences Due to Varied Illuminations

**Ring Illumination**

This provides the most natural appearance, closely resembling the view perceived by the human eye.

リング照明

 

For more details on ring illumination, please refer to the following:

 

リング照明の見え方  

**Coaxial Illumination**

When observing reflective objects (such as metals), black and white may reverse depending on the conditions.

同軸照明

 

For more details on coaxial illumination, please refer to the following:

 

同軸照明の見え方   

 

**Low-Angle Illumination**

Edges appear sharper and more pronounced, resulting in a dark-field-like appearance. (Refer to “Dark-Field Observation” for more information.)

 

ローアングル照明

 

For more details on low-angle illumination, please refer to the following:

 

ローアングル照明の見え方 

Method to Tune the Light of White LED Illumination to Specific Wavelengths

As a premise, it is assumed that the desired wavelength is included within the wavelength range of the white LED.

Below is the typical wavelength distribution of a white LED. It is believed to be applicable in the range of approximately early 400nm to 650nm.

 

 

 

By attaching a band-pass filter to this illumination, it will emit light at specific wavelengths.

For example, if you use the filter indicated by the red arrow below, the light will peak at around 490nm, resulting in blue light.

 

 

Although we do not have such equipment, there are general LED illuminations available that can accommodate filter attachments.

Below is a model of white LED illumination from Hayashi Repic Co., the HAD-TW3. (Filters can be attached to the tip of the illumination.)

 

 

Method for Using the Ultra-High Magnification Microscope (NSH500CSU) with Transmitted Illumination

The NSH500CSU comes with a standard simple XY table, but it does not support transmitted illumination. Here, we will introduce a method to attach transmitted illumination.

**Pattern 1**
Attach rubber feet to the RD-95T and place it on the standard included XY stage (TK100).

 

RD-95Tにゴム足を取付け、標準付属のXYステージ(TK100)に載せる方法

 

This method allows for the easy introduction of transmitted illumination without the need for modifications, but the size of the specimen is limited to the dimensions of the RD-95T (φ95).

While the rubber feet prevent slipping, the lighting unit may shift due to impacts such as accidental hand contact.

**Pattern 2**
Replace the rotating simple XY stage, remove the observation plate, and insert the RD-95T.

 

回転式簡易XYステージに変更し、観察板を外しRD-95Tをはめ込む方法

 

The RD-95T can be fitted into the XY table, providing a certain degree of stability. However, since the cable needs to be routed outside, it is necessary to drill a hole of approximately φ10 in the base. Our company can perform this drilling free of charge prior to shipment.

 

Bước sóng và màu sắc của ánh sáng

Ánh sáng có thể nhìn thấy được bằng mắt người được gọi là ánh sáng khả kiến. Thông thường, ánh sáng khả kiến nằm trong khoảng từ 380nm đến 750nm. Bước sóng ngắn hơn thuộc về tia cực tím, trong khi bước sóng dài hơn thuộc về tia hồng ngoại.

 

波長

 

Màu sắc của ánh sáng thay đổi theo bước sóng. Vì không có nguồn sáng nào hoàn toàn đơn sắc, nên màu sắc thực tế thay đổi dựa trên bước sóng ánh sáng nào mạnh nhất trong phổ.

 

光の色は波長によって変わります

 

Các loại đèn không chỉ dùng để chiếu sáng mà còn dùng cho các thí nghiệm phát quang thường được bán với bước sóng đỉnh được quy định rất chi tiết.

波長ピーク

 

Trong các thí nghiệm phát quang đơn giản hoặc kiểm tra dây chuyền sản xuất, đèn cực tím (blacklight) thường được sử dụng. Đèn cực tím phát ra tia UV sóng dài, chỉ có thể nhìn thấy được một phần nhỏ bằng mắt thường.

Ánh sáng phát ra từ thiết bị chiếu tia cực tím của công ty chúng tôi có giá trị đỉnh là 365nm, đèn LED màu vàng là 589nm, đèn LED màu đỏ là 624nm, và đèn LED màu xanh là 463nm.

光のピーク値

 

About flat illuminance distribution

拡散性微小面光源

 

The equation is correct: E(θ)=E0(cos⁡θ)4E(\theta) = E_0 (\cos \theta)^4.

As you move away from the center, the illuminance drops steeply:

  • At 30°, it decreases to approximately half (12\frac{1}{2}).
  • At 45°, it decreases to approximately one-fourth (14\frac{1}{4}).

 

周辺に行くほど、照度が急激に下がります

 

In practical lighting scenarios, the diffusion (or conversely, directionality) of light sources varies, resulting in diverse beam characteristics that may not perfectly align with theoretical values. However, they serve as rough guidelines.

To achieve uniform illumination over a certain area, efforts are made to utilize the central region (the “redder” area) as much as possible and to flatten out its characteristics as much as feasible. This can be achieved by using lenses, diffusers, or other optical elements.

It’s important to note that with point sources (such as small area illuminations), achieving completely uniform illumination across a large area is generally not possible.

How to use lumens (lm) and lux (lux)

●Lumen (lm)

 

 

Lumen is a measurement that indicates “how much light is gathered within a certain range from the light source.” It quantifies the luminous flux within a specified angle of emission, regardless of the measuring surface conditions. For example, when indicating the brightness of lighting fixtures like incandescent bulbs or fluorescent lamps, it represents the total luminous flux emitted in all directions. This measurement is commonly found on lighting devices designed to brighten spaces (such as household lighting). With the shift from incandescent bulbs to LEDs, lumens have become the preferred metric over watts. For instance, a 60W incandescent bulb is roughly equivalent to 800 lumens.

 

● Lux

Lux indicates the brightness of a “specific surface” illuminated by light and varies with the measurement distance. It is commonly used for lighting devices where brightness at a certain distance and on a specific surface (lux) is important. In industrial applications, it is used for devices like ring lighting for microscopes and industrial microscopes. In consumer applications, such as desk lamps used for lighting workspaces, lux is often used to express brightness, which aligns better with the intended purpose.

●The measurement method

Lux can be easily measured by placing a lux meter on the surface where you want to measure the illuminance.

To measure lumens (total luminous flux emitted in all directions), a sophisticated device called an integrating sphere is required.

積分球   <An integrating sphere>

 

Summary: 

 

**ルーメン (Lumen)**: Indicates “how much light is gathered within a certain range from the light source.” It quantifies the luminous flux within a specified angle of emission, regardless of the measuring surface conditions.

**ルクス (Lux)**: Indicates the brightness of a “specific surface” illuminated by light and varies with the measurement distance. It is commonly used for lighting devices where brightness at a certain distance and on a specific surface (lux) is important.

These metrics help in understanding and quantifying the brightness and efficiency of lighting sources and devices.

What is color temperature?

White LED products are available in a variety of chromaticity ranks.

 

Monochromatic LEDs are expressed by wavelength (peak wavelength), but white color is a mixture of colors, so chromaticity is expressed by
Color temperature (Kelvin (K)) is often used as an indicator.

 

There are various types of white, such as “bluish”, “yellowish”, and “reddish”.

 

For consumer products such as lighting, the standards established by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) are
It is used a lot.
For convenience, the ANSI standard divides white into eight types based on color temperature.
White with a low color temperature is a slightly reddish white (warm color) similar to that of a light bulb.
It is around 2700K.
White with a high color temperature has a slightly bluish tinge (cool color), like the sun at noon.
It is around 6500K. This period is classified into 8 types.

 

Although there is no regulation in ANSI for 6500K or higher, it is recommended for industrial use and LCD backlights.
There are many products.

 

The following is an excerpt from a catalog for a certain lighting device.
There is a runup up to 10000K.
White color is represented by color temperature, and monochromatic color is represented by wavelength.

 

白色は色温度、単色は波長で表示

What is dark field observation?

This method involves illuminating the sample and observing it solely through scattered and reflected light from the sample itself. The sample appears illuminated against a dark background. It is suitable for detecting scratches on glass, lenses, mirror surfaces, fine steps, and foreign particles.

 

 

<Dark-field illumination device>

 

If observing in a simplified manner,
purchasing a commercially available simple dark-field illumination device
暗視野照明装置

 

Attaching it to a regular transmitted illumination stand allows for low-cost dark-field observation.

 

暗視野照明装置 暗視野照明装置

 

   
When using this setup to observe metal surfaces with unevenness (like a coin) and transparent objects (like lenses),

 

<1 yen coin>
一円玉
<Lens>
レンズ
With this method, the available light intensity is quite limited, and it becomes unusable at slightly higher magnifications.
   

 

<Low-angle LED illumination>

 

Therefore, a recommended method is to use low-angle LED ring illumination with a black background.

Low-angle LED ring illumination
GR56-N

 

ローアングル照明
   
ローアングル照明 ローアングル照明
   
I observed the same samples (1 yen coin & lens) using this lighting.

 

 

<1円玉>
一円玉
<レンズ>
レンズ
   
Images similar to dark-field illumination can be obtained. The illumination intensity is strong, and there is ample space to place the objects of interest.

 

I will display a photo of the lens that I actually took. On the left is a dark field illumination device, and on the right is an observation with a low-angle LED ring light.

 

<Dark-field illumination device> <Low-angle LED ring illumination>
暗視野照明装置 ローアングルLEDリング照明

 

 

Summary:

 

Dark-field observation involves illuminating the sample and observing it solely through scattered and reflected light.

However, with dark-field observation, the available light intensity is quite limited, and it becomes unusable at slightly higher magnifications.

Therefore, a recommended method is to use low-angle LED ring illumination with a black background.

 

Dimension Measuring Microscope CT200HD-50TD/ CT200HD-H50TD

Dimension Measuring Microscope that can be used instead of a measuring microscope or projector

Calibration, misconfiguration, reproducibility…

Solve all your measurement problems!

 
● Built-in calibration data
● Calibration value is automatically switched in conjunction with the magnification change
-Equipped with “perfect measurement” that can be reproducible
● Rich functions such as multi-function measurement, Excel output of measurement data, line display function, etc.!

 

Magnification is 20~165x (CT200HD-50TD/ 40~330x (CT200HD-H50TD)
※ Calculated value for a 21.5-inch monitor

 

※ A monitor is not included.

Non calibration microscope CT200HD

No more calibration work required!
Measure immediately by connecting it to a monitor!

 
Advancements
The camera and lens are integrated!
 ●You can measure without calibration
 ●You can see the magnification at a glance
 
Easy measurement!
 ●You can measure without a PC
 ●You can measure immediately even after the magnification is changed

 

Magnification 20x to 165x
(Value calculated and converted to apply to 21.5-inch monitors)

Highly functional integrated microscope TM200EX

You can do all without a PC!
Highly functional integrated microscope

 

 

Calibration, misconfiguration, repeatability……

Solve all your measurement problems!

 
●Built-in calibration data
●Automatically switches calibration values ​​when magnification is changed
●Equipped with “precise measurement” for reproducibility
●Includes 8-section ring lighting
●Full of features including multi-function measurement, Excel output of measurement data, line display function, and more!

 

Magnification is 25x to 145x
*Magnification is calculated based on a 21.5-inch monitor
 

 

*Monitor is not included.